Breast Cancer Treatment

The course of treatment for breast cancer depends on various factors, including the stage and type of cancer, your overall health, and your preferences. Here’s an overview of common treatment options:

Surgery

The most common treatment for breast cancer is surgery to remove the cancerous tissue. The type of surgery performed depends on the extent of the cancer:

• Lumpectomy: Removal of the tumour and a small margin of healthy tissue surrounding it. Often followed by radiation therapy.
• Mastectomy: Removal of the entire breast can be performed with or without reconstruction of the breast.
• Lymph node surgery: Removal of lymph nodes in the armpit to check for cancer spread.

Radiation Therapy

High-energy rays are used to destroy cancer cells and prevent them from recurring. Radiation therapy can be administered after surgery (to eliminate any remaining microscopic cancer cells) or before surgery (to shrink the tumour and make it easier to remove).

Chemotherapy

Medications are used to kill cancer cells throughout the body. Chemotherapy can be given before surgery (neoadjuvant) to shrink the tumour or after surgery (adjuvant) to reduce the risk of recurrence.

Hormone Therapy

For hormone receptor-positive cancers, medications can block the effects of oestrogen or progesterone on cancer cell growth. Hormone therapy can be taken as pills or injections for several years.

Targeted Therapy Drugs

These drugs target specific molecules or pathways involved in cancer cell growth and survival. They may be used in combination with other therapies for HER2-positive cancers or other specific subtypes.

Immunotherapy

A relatively new approach that helps the body’s immune system recognize and attack cancer cells. Immunotherapy is still under development for breast cancer but may play a role in future treatment options.

Reconstruction

Breast reconstruction surgery can be performed after a mastectomy to restore the appearance of the breast. Reconstruction can be done at the time of mastectomy or in a separate procedure later.

Regular follow-up care is crucial for monitoring the patient’s recovery, managing any side effects, and checking for signs of recurrence. Follow-up typically includes physical exams, imaging tests, and laboratory tests to ensure that any changes are detected early and managed effectively.